SBAY.ORG Network
How to Write a UUCP Map Entry


Updated July 09, 2006

One of the requirements for registering a UUCP host in sbay.org is to send in your UUCP map entry. We understand that it's a challenge if you don't already have a map entry for your system. Hopefully this will help.

(UUCP maps are the input files for the pathalias program, which we use in the process of automatic DNS mail-exchanger record updates. We intend to replace UUCP Maps with XML for registration in the future.)

We'll first look at a sample map and then discuss the formatting requirements. First, an example that has everything: (This is a very old map from 1994. The location, numbers, and most of the links are out of date. It is here only to demonstrate the format.)

#N	thunder
#S	486DX2/66 clone, Linux 1.x
#O	sbay.org - South Bay/Silicon Valley Community Network
#C	Ian Kluft
#E	postmaster@thunder.sbay.org
#T	+1 408 246-1250
#P	2200 Monroe Street 1509, Santa Clara CA 95050-3452
#L	37 21 20 N / 121 57 30 W
#W	ikluft@thunder.sbay.org (Ian Kluft); Tue Aug 30 14:40:05 PDT 1994
#F	amdahl.com, zygot.ati.com, hip-hop.hh.sbay.org
#U	amdahl
#
#  link costs used in this map:
#  LOCAL		ethernet
#  DIRECT+FAST+HIGH	14.4K UUCP, polled, called on-demand, they poll me
#  DIRECT+FAST		14.4K UUCP, polled, they poll me
#  DIRECT+FAST+LOW	14.4K UUCP, they poll me
#
# local network is kluft.com
thunder	=kluft.com, thunder.kluft.com
thunder	.kluft.com(LOCAL)
# snap is my 386 box
thunder	snap(LOCAL)
#
# coordination site for the South Bay Area network
# ** sbay.org is a community network open to the public to join
# ** sbay.net is a subcommunity for Internet BBS's and small network providers
# ** sbay.com is a subcommunity for small commercial sites
thunder	=sbay.org, sbay.com, sbay.net
thunder	=nic.sbay.org, nic.sbay.com, nic.sbay.net
thunder =thunder.sbay.org, thunder.sbay.com, thunder.sbay.net
thunder	hip-hop(DIRECT+FAST+HIGH), grafex(DIRECT+FAST)
thunder howdy(DIRECT+FAST+LOW), subzero(DIRECT+FAST+LOW)
thunder cougar(DIRECT+FAST+LOW)
#
# wile.sbay.org = The Tech Museum of Innovation
# solis.sbay.org = Sheriff's Online Information System (Santa Clara County)
thunder wile(DIRECT+FAST), solis(DIRECT+FAST+LOW)
#
# other sbay machines may be more than one hop away but this site has
# the domain's full routing database so we can deliver to them indirectly
thunder	.sbay.org, .sbay.com, .sbay.net
#
# links to the Internet
thunder	amdahl(DIRECT+FAST+HIGH), zygot(DIRECT+FAST+HIGH)

Now, an example that is more like what first-time sites will look like, just a single private machine connected to a single hub site.
#N    cheese
#S    Intel 386; Waffle UUCP 1.65
#O    The Nebuolic Cheese BBS
#C    Stephen Lau
#E    hacker@mookie.sbay.org
#T    +1 415 XXX XXXX [omitted from this example - include your number here]
#P    [omitted from this example - include your address here]
#L    39 21 N / 121 57 W City Los Altos
#R    The Nebuolic Cheese BBS [4i5].949.1788 Home of OmniNet!  
#U    mookie
#W    hacker@mookie.sbay.org (Stephen Lau); Wed, 11 May 94 19:12:32 PST
#
cheese  = cheese.sbay.org
cheese  mookie(DIRECT+FAST)
There are two sections to the map entry. The site information and the pathalias routing data.

There should not be any blank lines in your map if you intend to submit it to the world UUCP map coordinators. Actually, it is strongly recommended that you use '#' for blank lines anyway but they won't hurt your sbay.org registration.

Site Information


The first section, with the '#N' and other lines with a # and a letter, contains information about your system. The first one must be "#N". All of them must start on the first character of the line. Also, the hash/letter and the text must be separated by a tab (not spaces.)

The lines in this section have the following meanings:

Each of these are expanded below.

#N UUCP name of site

This is the name of your system. You can use a single word or combination of letters, numbers and dashes. For example, my system is called thunder.

The catch is that it has to be unique - you can't use a name that's already taken in sbay.org. (If you also want to register with the UUCP mapping project, you can't use a name anyone else in the world has registered.)

The UUCP mapping project coordinators will also allow fully-qualified names like thunder.sbay.org. At this point, sbay.org's map-automation software can't handle that. Contact me (ikluft@thunder.sbay.org) if you want to do that and give me time to rewrite the software.

#F name of site's Internet mail forwarder

If you have a UUCP link to a system which is on the Internet and they are willing to forward all your mail for you, you should put their name here. Otherwise you can leave out the #F entry.

#S manufacturer machine model; operating system & version

This should be mostly self explanatory. Enter your machine's hardware model and OS version here. If you run MS-DOS or a compatible OS, you should state both DOS and your UUCP transport software (i.e. Waffle, UUPC) versions.

#O organization name

Either enter the name of your organization or "a private system". If your machine is a bulletin board system, be sure to put the abbreviation "BBS" in the name so people know you're not just a private residential machine. (updated 5/94)

#C contact person's name

Enter your name in this entry. This will be used by software at sbay.org to make a list of site admins for the network. Please do not omit it.

#E contact person's electronic mail address

Enter your e-mail address in this entry. If you don't already have another domain address, use xxx@yoursite.sbay.org where "xxx" is root, system, usenet, postmaster, or your own account, wherever you want to receive mail about your map. Of course, "yoursite" should be replaced with your site's name.

This will be used by software at sbay.org to make a mail list of site admins for the network. Please do not omit it.

#T contact person's telephone number

Enter your VOICE phone number here, including the international calling prefix. (Use +1 for US/Canada.)

The reason we need a voice phone number is in case your system is not reachable electronically. There needs to be a way to ask you about it if mail is waiting for you.

#P organization's address

Enter your postal address here.

#L latitude / longitude

This is probably the only one that will take any significant amount of time. The latitude and longitude are used by software that draws maps of the UUCP network. Sbay.org doesn't have any right now but it is hoped to add it in the future. So please don't omit this entry.

The best source of latitude and longitude is a USGS map. They are available from the USGS in Menlo Park and often from other closer sources. You may be able to get some numbers that are "close enough" from aviation charts. In this area, find anyone with a San Francisco Class B Airspace chart.

If those aren't available, you're going to have less accurate numbers but they will work. Please try to avoid these because we'd like to be able to use software to draw a map of the South Bay network at some time in the future.

You can specify the location of your city center, but you need to specify the word "city" after your location, in order to show its inaccuracy. Conversely, use the tag "GPS" if you measured your location with a Global Positioning System receiver, to indicate its high accuracy since this is effectively measuring it via satellite.

For the South Bay, the following distances apply to latitude and longitude:

		degree		minute		second
latitude	69.2 miles	1.15 miles	102 feet
longitude	55.0 miles	0.91 miles	81 feet
The distances for degrees of longitude vary from the same as latitude at the equator to zero at the poles. (The units here are statute miles, 5280 feet. 1 minute of latitude = 1 nautical mile = 6072 feet, but we're not using nautical miles here.)

If you can, use a street map and compute your relative location North/South (latitude) and East/West (longitude) of any of the South Bay & vicinity landmarks shown below. Make sure to orient your computation with the "true north" arrow on your map.

thetech.org (Downtown San Jose)		37 19 51.5 N / 121 53 21.4 W GPS
birdsong.sbay.org (Sunnyvale)		37 20 8 N / 122 1 4 W 
grafex.sbay.org (West San Jose)		37 18 22 N / 122 01 52 W
thunder.sbay.org (Santa Clara)		37 21 20 N / 121 57 30 W
Boulder Creek (city)			37 07 N / 122 07 W city
Campbell (city)				37 22 N / 121 58 W city
Fremont (city)				37 33 N / 121 59 W city
Milpitas (city)				37 21 N / 121 57 W city
San Jose (city)				37 21 N / 121 54 W city
Santa Clara (city)			37 20 N / 121 57 W city
Sunnyvale (city)			37 17 N / 122 24 W city
Hayward Airport (HWD)			37 39 30 N / 122 07 00 W airport HWD
Livermore Airport (LVK)			37 41 30 N / 121 49 30 W airport LVK
Moffett Federal Airport (NUQ)		37 25 00 N / 122 02 30 W airport NUQ
Palo Alto Airport (PAO)			37 27 30 N / 122 06 45 W airport PAO
Reid-Hillview Airport (RHV)		37 19 45 N / 121 49 25 W airport RHV
San Carlos Airport (SQL)		37 30 30 N / 122 14 45 W airport SQL
San Jose International Airport (SJC)	37 21 42 N / 121 55 36 W airport SJC
San Martin/South County Airport (Q99)	37 05 N / 121 36 W airport Q99
Watsonville Airport (WVI)		36 56 N / 121 47 W airport WVI
Airport coordinates were obtained from the Pilot's Guide to California Airports (Q99/WVI, +/-30 seconds), San Francisco Class B Airspace Chart (HWD/LVK/NUQ/PAO/RHV/SQL, +/-15 seconds), and the San Jose Jet Center info sheet (SJC, +/-6 seconds). City landmarks are assumed +/-30 seconds. Sbay.org site coordinates shown above are probably +/-5 seconds or better.

Note for Fremont residents: the Fremont city coordinates above are an estimate of the geographic center of the city. One person who asked the Fremont Planning Dept for latitude & longitude got numbers which are actually in Southern California near Ontario!

#R remarks

If you have any special notes about your site, you may enter them here. Otherwise, you can omit the #R line.

#U netnews neighbors (list of your news feeds)

If you have NetNews, list all the machines with which you exchange news. Otherwise, you can omit the #U line.

#W who last edited the entry ; date edited

You should update this *every* time you change your map. It should contain your name, e-mail address, and the date/time of the change.

Pathalias Routing Data


Every line that doesn't start with a # will be processed by the pathalias program. These entire maps are intended to be input to that program so making proper syntax is important. Each line contains a "from" entry, a tab, and a comma-separated list of "to" entries, or "links".

Example:

thunder		= thunder.sbay.org
thunder		hip-hop(DIRECT+FAST), grafex(DIRECT+FAST)
The "from" field is, for purposes of your map, always the name of your own system. The links consist of a system you contact and, in parentheses, an estimated "cost" of the link.

The first example is actually an alias, another name for the same system. You should have an alias for every name your system recognizes as itself in e-mail. (Well, all the names that you think are important enough to publicize.)

The second example shows two neighbor systems which, as we will see in a moment, are local calls. You don't have to list all your UUCP neighbors, just the ones you want to publicize. You can also list any e-mail domains you can forward mail for. For example, if you list a route to a domain called ".mydomain.sbay.org", mail for mysystem.mydomain.sbay.org will be routed to you.

The cost is an important item. The pathalias program will put together all the maps with their links and costs. Then it will compute the lowest cost route to each system. Link costs need to be comparable to the speed of the line and the cost of the call in order for reasonable paths to be generated by pathalias.

The cost may be an arithmetic expression using the following values:

LOCAL       25   (local-area network connection)
DEDICATED   95   (high speed dedicated link)
DIRECT     200   (toll-free or local call)
DEMAND     300   (immediate long-distance call)
HOURLY     500   (hourly long-distance poll)
EVENING   1800   (time restricted call)
DAILY     5000   (daily poll, also called POLLED)
WEEKLY   30000   (irregular poll)
DEAD  infinite   (a system or link which is down)
Also...
HIGH        -5   (used to add a slight preference to a link)
LOW         +5   (used to add a slight penalty to a link)
FAST       -80   (used to indicate 9600 baud or faster links
                 for DIRECT or higher cost links)
If a cost is not specified, pathalias will use a default of 4000. Multiplication usually is not very useful. Just pick one of the main numbers and, if necessary, add or subtract HIGH/LOW/FAST.

Since there are many misunderstandings of how to set up costs, here are some guidelines. (updated 1/2000)

The following can be added on as penalties or bonuses for various reasons. (updated 1/2000) Also note, if someone lists a link to you but you don't list a link to them, pathalias will add a link from you to them with a cost of DEAD. If there is no other way to them, pathalias will pick you as the best route anyway. (It considers a dead link better than no link.) So make sure you coordinate with your neighbors!

Here are some other routing guidelines for sbay.org:


This should be enough information to put together a UUCP map for sbay.org. When it's ready, send it to Note that there are no longer UUCP Map Coordinators for California or the world. Even we only use this for automation of DNS records any more.